Oracle 10g使用RMAN創建physical standby
1.試驗環境
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
2.確認主庫處于歸檔模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u02/arch
Oldest online log sequence 154
Next log sequence to archive 156
Current log sequence 156
3.創建備庫instance
windows平臺利用oradim工具創建一個新的instance，
unix/linux平臺設置新的ORACLE_SID即可
4.準備好主備庫的參數文件
主庫：
orcl.__db_cache_size=184549376
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=88080384
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','
/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','
/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
#################################
db_unique_name=node1
service_names=orcl
log_archive_config='dg_config=(node1,node2)'
log_archive_dest_2='service=dbstandby
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node2'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
fal_server=dbstandby
standby_file_management=AUTO
備庫：
orcl.__db_cache_size=184549376
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=88080384
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','
/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','
/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
#################################
db_unique_name=node2
service_names=orcl
log_archive_config='dg_config=(node1,node2)'
log_archive_dest_2='service=dbprimary
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node1'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
fal_server=dbprimary
fal_client=dbstandby
standby_file_management=AUTO
5.生成password file
c:/>orapwd file=d:/oracle/ora92/DATABASE/PWDtest.ORA password=pass
或者直接將主庫上的密碼文件copy一份到備庫上
6.配置網絡
配置主備庫的listener.ora,tnsnames.ora。修改完listener.ora后需要重啟監聽器。
主庫：
listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = s1.gti.com)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
tnsnames.ora
dbprimary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.131)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
dbstandby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
備庫：
listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
tnsnames.ora
dbprimary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.131)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
dbstandby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
7.使用rman備份主庫
[oracle@s1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:52:37 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028)
RMAN> backup full format='/u02/db_%U'
database include current controlfile for standby;
...................
8.歸檔主庫當前日志
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
9.啟動備庫到nomount
sqlplus '/ as sysdba'
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
10.利用rman恢復備庫
[oracle@s1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:53:21 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028)
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/a@dbstandby
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028, not mount)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
.............................
如果第8步沒有歸檔當前日志，duplicate時可能出現錯誤：
RMAN-05507: standby controlfile checkpoint (710256) is more recent than duplicat
ion point in time (709530)
至此，備庫創建成功。
11.將備庫置于自動恢復狀態
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
12.switchover
物理STANDBY的SWITCHOVER切換會把當前的一個物理STANDBY切換為PRIMARY數據庫，而PRIMARY數據庫且變成物理STNADBY數據庫。
一般SWITCHOVER切換都是計劃中的切換，特點是在切換后，不會丟失任何的數據，而且這個過程是可逆的，整個DATA GUARD環境不會被破壞，原來DATA GUARD環境中的所有物理和邏輯STANDBY都可以繼續工作。
在進行DATA GUARD的物理STANDBY切換前需要注意：
確認主庫和從庫間網絡連接通暢；
確認沒有活動的會話連接在數據庫中；
PRIMARY數據庫處于打開的狀態，STANDBY數據庫處于MOUNT狀態；
確保STANDBY數據庫處于ARCHIVELOG模式；
如果設置了REDO應用的延遲，那么將這個設置去掉；
確保配置了主庫和從庫的初始化參數，使得切換完成后，DATA GUARD機制可以順利的運行。
主庫：
[oracle@s1 ~]$ sqlplus '/ as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:55:02 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
備庫：
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
至此完成自由切換。
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